The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. But the risk of loss or damage to the goods, well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, is transferred from the seller to the buyer

The CFR requires the seller to the clearance of goods for export.

The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. But the risk of loss or damage to the goods, well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, is transferred from the seller to the buyer. However, in CIF, the seller also has to procure marine insurance against the buyer's risk of loss or damage to the goods during transport.

It means that the seller delivers when the goods available to the buyer at the seller's premises or another named place (namely, factory, store, etc).

This term represents, so, the minimum obligation for the seller, and the buyer has to bear all costs and risks.

Seller's obligations under EXW

• Delivery of the goods and documents required.
• Packing and packaging.

Buyer's obligations under EXW

• Payments for goods.
• Inland freight (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• International Shipping (instead of the export rather than import).
• Insurance.
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Transport and insurance (import place to plant).

It means that the seller delivers the goods for export to the carrier nominated by the buyer, in place agreed. The chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading of parts. If delivery occurs at the seller's premises that is responsible for loading. If delivery occurs at any other place, Seller is not responsible for unloading. This term may be used in any mode of transport including multimodal transport.

Seller's obligations under FCA

• Delivery of Goods and documents required.
• Packing and packaging.
• Freight (factory to the export place)
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation)
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents)

Buyer's obligations under FCA

• Payments for goods.
• Freight (instead of the export rather than import).
• Insurance.
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Freight and insurance (import place to plant).
• Delays.

It means that the seller's responsibility ends when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at the port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss or damage to the goods from that moment. The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

Seller's obligations under FAS

• Merchandise and Documents Needed.
• Packing and Crating.
• Freight (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Rates From Export (shunting, storage, agents).

Buyer's obligations under FAS

• Payments for goods.
• Freight and insurance (instead of the export rather than import).
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Insurance and freight (import place to plant).
• Delays.

The seller's responsibility ends when the goods beyond the ship's rail at the port of shipment agreed.

The buyer must bear all costs and risks of loss and damage to the goods from that point.

The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

This term can be used only for transport by sea or inland waterways.

Seller's obligations under FOB

• Give the merchandise and necessary documents.
• Packing and packaging.
• Freight (factory to the export place)
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).

Buyer's obligations under FOB

• Payment of goods.
• Freight and insurance (instead of the export rather than import).
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Freight (import place to plant).
• Delays.

For the seller the scope are the same as the quote FOB with the only difference that the company should be responsible for hiring the ship's hold and pay the freight to destination.

The risk of loss or damage to the goods as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, is transferred from the seller to the buyer.

The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

This term can be used only for transport by sea or inland waterways.

Seller's obligations under CFR

• Deliver merchandise and necessary documents.
• Packing and Crating.
• Freight (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Freight (instead of the export rather than import).

Buyer's obligations under CFR

• Payment of Goods.
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Freight and insurance (import place to plant).
• Delays.

It means that the seller delivers the goods when it exceeds the ship's rail at the port of shipment.

The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination.

In CIF the seller also has an insurance policy and pay the premium, to cover the risk of loss or damage that may occur during transport goods.

The buyer should note that the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. If the buyer wants more coverage you will need expressly agree with the seller or to make his own extra insurance.

The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

This term can be used only for transport by sea or inland waterways.

Seller's obligations under CIF

• Deliver merchandise and necessary documents.
• Packing and packaging.
• Freight (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Freight and insurance (instead of the export rather than import).

Buyer's obligations under CIF

• Payment of goods
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Freight and insurance (import place to plant).
• Delays.

The seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but, also, must pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the agreed destination.

Buyer assumes all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.

The CPT requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

Seller's obligations under CPT

• Give the merchandise and necessary documents.
• Packing and packaging.
• Freight (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Freight (instead of the export rather than import).
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents ) "Partial".

Buyer's obligations under CPT

• Payment of goods.
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Freight and Insurance (import place to plant).
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents) "Partial".
• Delays.

The seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by him but, also, must pay the cost of carriage necessary to bring the goods to the agreed destination. The seller also has to procure insurance against the risk, that supports the buyer, loss or damage to the goods during transport.

Buyer assumes all risks and any other costs occurring after the goods have been so delivered.

The CIP requires the seller to clear the goods for export.

This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.

Seller's obligations under CIP

• Give the merchandise and necessary documents.
• Packing and packaging.
• Freight (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Freight and insurance (instead of the export rather than import).
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents) "Partial".

Buyer's obligations under CIP

• Payment of goods.
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Freight and Insurance (import place to plant).
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents) "Partial".
• Delays.

It means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when the goods has been dispatched to Customs for export in the point and place of the frontier but before the customs border of the country buyer.

This term may be used irrespective of the mode of transport when goods are to be delivered at a land border.

Seller's obligations under DAF

• Deliver merchandise and necessary documents.
• Packing and packaging.
• Freight (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Freight (instead of the export rather than import) "Partial".
• Insurance "Partial".

Buyer's obligations under DAF

• Payments of Goods.
• Payments of Goods. "Partial".
• Insurance "Partial".
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Freight and insurance (import place to plant).
• Delays.

It means that the seller delivers when the goods available to the buyer on board the ship put, not cleared for import, in the port of destination.

Seller's obligations under DES

• Deliver merchandise and necessary documents.
• Packing and packaging..
• Freight (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Freight and insurance (from import to export place).

Buyer's obligations under DES

• Payment of goods.
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Hauling and secure (import place to plant).
• Delays.

It means that the seller delivers when the goods are made available to the buyer, not cleared for importation, on the dock (wharf) in the port of destination. The seller has to bear costs and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port of destination and discharging the goods on the quay (wharf). The DEQ term requires the buyer to clear the goods for import and to pay all formalities, duty, taxes and other charges of importation.

This term can be used for transport by sea or inland waterway or multimodal transport only

Seller's obligations under DEQ

• Deliver merchandise and necessary documents.
• Packing and packaging.
• Freight (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Freight and insurance (from import to export place).

Buyer's obligations under DEQ

• Payment of goods.
• Freight and insurance (import place to plant).
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Delays.

It means that the seller fulfills his obligation to deliver when he has made the goods available to the buyer at the named place in the country of import and the seller has to bear all costs and risks involved in bringing the goods, to this place (excluding rights, taxes and other official charges payable on importation). As the costs and risks of carrying out customs formalities.

Seller's obligations under DDU

• Deliver merchandise and necessary documents
• Packing and packaging
• Freight (factory to the export place)
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Freight and insurance (from import to export place).

Buyer's obligations under DDU

• Payment of goods.
• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Freight and insurance (import place to plant).
• Delays.

It means that the seller delivers the goods to the buyer, cleared for import, and not unloaded from any arriving means of transport at the place of destination.

The seller has to bear all costs and risks incurred in bringing the goods to that place, including customs formalities, and the payment of formalities, customs duties, taxes and other charges for import into the country of destination.

Seller's obligations under DDP

• Deliver merchandise and necessary documents.
• Packing and packaging.
• Haulage (factory to the export place).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Export expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Freight (instead of the export rather than import).
• Insurance.

>Buyer's obligations under DDP

• Import expenses (shunting, storage, agents).
• Customs (documents, permissions, requirements, taxation).
• Hauling and secure (import place to plant).
• Delays.